Pdf soil erosion and management strategies researchgate. Tillage erosion causes the thinning of soils on upper slope areas and can result in. Some soil erosion is natural, but accelerated erosion is not. In this study, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion are evaluated. Read this article to learn about the meaning, factors, effects, types, causes and prevention of soil erosion. Surface creep in a wind erosion event, large particles ranging from 0. Where land has been lost by gullying, or severe sheet erosion has removed the soil clown to a gravelly residue, degradation is clearly irreversible. Causes, effects, and solutions of soil erosion conserve energy. Extensive erosion also minimizes the depth of soil available for water storage and rooting. Approximately 90 percent of cropland in the united states is currently losing soil above the sustainable rate. Land use humans play a major role in soil erosion through their use and abuse of.
The causes and effects of soil erosion, and how to prevent it by dede sulaeman and thomas westhoff. Soil erosion is the movement and transport of soil by various agents, particularly water, wind, and mass movement. Bullock, in encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 2005. Soil erosion is caused, when there are no trees to prevent the top layer of the soil from being transported by different agents of nature like water and air. Pdf soil erosion is a natural process in which particles of soil are moved by wind and water, and displaced to another location. Ppt soil erosion powerpoint presentation free to view. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Soil erosion occurs when natural forces, such as wind and water, act on the soil. Soil erosion is a continuous process that occurs either slowly or at an alarming rate. The greatest challenge for sustainable soil management.
Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at. Plant roots hold the soil in position and prevent it from being blown or washed away. Prevention and remediation of soil erosion and degradation the most effective method to prevent erosion is to increase the vegetation cover on soil, thus preventing wind and water erosion. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring and slow process that refers to loss of fields. These effects make it harder for water to wash away the soil note that plants can also help block wind, and therefore prevent wind erosion, but this project will test water erosion only. The radiations destroy the cells in human body and causes cancer. This factsheet looks at the causes and effects of water, wind and tillage erosion on agricultural land. Soil erosion and sediment control a pdh online course. The velocity increases as the distance above the surface increases.
Control measures must consider the cause of the increased flow of water. The top soil is loaded with nutrients and organic matter critical for crop growth. Ways to prevent soil erosion which method will you choose. Flowing water, rainwater, and the wind are the prime agents which cause a significant amount of soil loss each year. There are ways to mitigate the impact that agriculture has on soil erosion rates. An ismail eroding rill on an intensivelyfarmed field in eastern germany. Dregne soil erosion is the main reason why desertification is irreversible. Soil pollution causes, effects and what to do about it. Our reactions on these parameters are also very strong because we see the damages and changes occurred by them in our daily lives with very clear and it is a common nature of human beings in believing the things which. Water and wind are the two main mechanisms by which soil is eroded and transported. There are many harmful effects of soil erosion it affects the quality of the soil and reduces the productivity of soil to a great extent. The removal of topsoil by the natural forces is known as soil erosion. Soil erosion rates in asia, africa, and south america are estimated to be twice as high as those in the united states. Causes of soil erosion wind and water are the main agents of soil erosion.
Soil is not immune to erosion, and like rocks along a coastline, soil can erode due to the effects of forces, such as water, wind and farming practices. In forested areas, a minimum of 60% forest cover is necessary to prevent serious. In forested areas, a minimum of 60% forest cover is necessary to prevent serious soil. Causes, effects and types of erosion water, wind, glacier. Erosion prevention is one of the main aspects in the reduction of site damage and. This is not only a good deal for the farmer, but for the whole community. When strong winds blow, the topsoil along with the organic matter is carried away by the wind. It has been recognized as a major problem since the 1930s and, although there has been some 70 years of research into the causes and processes, it is still increasing and of. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free. Soil erosion is a process that involves the wearing away of the topsoil. Water and wind erosion are the two primary causes of land degradation. If theyre not reforested, they inevitably end up as wastelands directly from soil erosion and desertification. Soil erosion is defined as the process of removal of soil from one surface, due to factors like rain, wind or others, and its disposition in some other areas.
Too much of soil erosion causes serious loss of topsoil and also reduces crop production potential, lower surface water quality, and damaged. Causes of erosion erosion occurs when soil is left exposed to rain or wind energy. Jared explains why erosion occurs more slowly when soil is paired with leaf debris or plants, in this simple demonstration you can try at home or in class. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Conservation tillage eliminates or restricts tilling in traditional tilling, surface soil is inverted, plant residue buried bare soil. It results in a continuous loss of topsoil, ecological degradation, soil collapse, etc. Pdf rising population and decreasing cultivable land pose a great challenge to modern agriculture. Causes of soil erosion water and wind erosion causes. By applying some relatively simple steps, you can control and prevent soil erosion. Various agents, like wind, water, deforestation, overgrazing by cattle, etc. The raw material for soil formation is provided bythe rocks.
Let us have a detailed look at the causes, effects and prevention of soil erosion. Although soil erosion is a natural occurrence on all land, there are certain factors that call accelerate erosion making it more noticeable and problematic. Soil erosion has been considered as the primary cause of soil degradation because. These include chemical ph, soc, texture, free iron oxides, caco3 and. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Home blog the causes and effects of soil erosion, and how to prevent it. Soil erosion is the most serious precursor of soil degradation that comes with global implications. Climate change is likely to affect soil erosion by water through its effect on. The increase of mining on tropical forests is furthering. The advantage of both practices includes prevention of erosion on steep slopes and they do not require special equipment or materials. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of soil dirt. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a. We offer free technical assistance for erosion and other issues in rural areas of our district our district is comprised of all multnomah county east of the willamette river.
Economic research service report agriculture soil erosion. The amount of soil they can carry away is influenced by two related factors. Raindrops hit exposed soil with great energy and easily dislodge the soil particles from the surface. The causes and effects of soil erosion, and how to prevent. Nearly 10 million hectares of arable land are lost to erosion and other forms of soil degradation every year 1 countries all over the world are battling with worrisome sight of deepening gullies crisscrossing the landscape and barren fields stripped of the fertile topsoil. While there are many different factors that can cause soil erosion, most can be broken down into two main categories. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes. As soil erodes, it loses nutrients, clogs rivers with dirt, and eventually turns the area into a desert. The cost of erosion prevention is far lower than the price of land restoration and.
In this course well examine the causes and effects of wind erosion and common methods to control it. Although erosion happens naturally, human activities can make it much worse. Soil erosion causes ecosystem damage, loss of soil and receives water sedimentation, which. Soil erosion is harmful and useful at the same time. Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Vegeta tion can regenerate from a degraded state as long as the seed stock remains viable and there is soil for seeds to germinate and grow in.
Causes and types of soil erosion the movement of water over the soil surface causes about threefifths of the estimated erosion on u. A longer exposure to radioactive radiations can damage the dna cells that results in cancer, genetic defects for the generations to come and even death. Offsite environmental effects are increasing and becoming more unacceptable to those affected as well as the public at. This causes them to collide with, and dislodge, other particles. Leaving unploughed land strips between ploughed ones, known as strip cropping, also help reduce erosion. Gravity erosion movement of soil occurs on steep slopes under the influence of gravity. Pollution, whenever we talk about pollution then the major things we get in our mind is water pollution and air pollution. The materials move from higher to lower grounds due to their weight. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils. Deforestation has even been caused by extensive warthroughout history fire has often been used to deprive the enemy of necessary resources. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. For those areas where soil erosion is predominantly caused by.
So the average forward velocity near the soil surface is lower than in the free stream. They are intended for temporary erosion control until a slope is stabilized with vegetation andor practices. Farmers need to protect farmland from the wind by planting windbreaks around their land. Effects of nuclear pollution the effects vary from organism to organism and from level of radioactivity of nuclear isotopes. In the case of soil erosion, some of the effects may appear to be reversible, through checking further erosion by soil conservation programmes and restoring lost nutrients and organic master. Magnitude and the impacts of soil erosion on productivity depend on soil. Soil pollution is caused by manmade, harmful chemicals penetrating the earth and causing deterioration. Ways to prevent soil erosion simple solutions to prevent soil erosion. Soil conservation from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia this article needs additional citations for verification. If the soil has eroded, the crops that make food will not grow very well. It hurts the land and people where it takes place, so also the land and people where it gets deposited. Soil erosion and sediment control john poullain, p. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a fields topsoil.
Erosion is the moving of sediments like topsoil, rocks, pebbles by water and wind. Soil erosion was a big problem in the midwestern united states in the 1930s dust bowl. The process involves the loosening of the soil particles, blowing or washing away of the soil particles, and either ends up in the valley and faraway lands or washed away to the oceans by rivers and streams. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.
480 1668 1270 700 176 1006 584 912 649 942 1531 1445 875 1600 584 1538 326 665 889 1185 1306 1260 1132 400 896 739 638 596 810